By Dr Janice Walshe, consultant medical oncologist*

I have seen first-hand what many of my patients go through during their cancer journey, and it is without doubt that no two individuals go through the exact same experience. Many people think of breast cancer as a single disease but this is not the case. There are many different types of breast cancers, and how each person is treated and how they respond to that treatment can vary greatly. As an oncologist, I believe a better understanding and awareness of the disease can result in early detection of breast cancer and ultimately contribute to better breast cancer outcomes.

What should one look out for?

If you are worried about any changes in your breasts, you should speak directly to your GP for advice. These changes may include:

-New breast lumps or bumps that do not go away
-New skin changes such as puckering or redness
-Bloody discharge from the nipples
-New changes in breast shape
-New nipple changes such as nipple inversion

What about pain?

Breast pain is very common and is more commonly related to hormonal changes. Infrequently, breast pain can be associated with breast cancer. If you experience a new or increased onset of breast pain, I would recommend you seek advice from your GP.

Should I check my breasts?

Yes. To effectively check your breasts, you need to be familiar with what to look out for in the list above. The Marie Keating Foundation have created this simple video to help take you through breast checking at home. It is recommended that the most effective time to check your breasts is one week after the end of your period. While it is important to be breast aware, no-one should become overly worried or obsessive about checking. Once a month is plenty. Discussing breast checking with your friends or family members can help make it seem a more routine and natural part of looking after your overall health.

Can I reduce my risk of getting breast cancer?

People can get breast cancer for a whole variety of reasons that cannot be controlled, such as genetics and family history etc..., but my recommendation to everyone who wants to try to improve their health outcomes is to consider the following:

-Exercise - participate in regular exercise (at least 30 mins per day)
-Healthy diet - excess weight can contribute to many health issues. Maintaining a healthy weight is extremely important
-Lifestyle - alcohol has been proven to increase your risk of getting breast cancer. Try reducing your alcohol intake and be honest in discussing your alcohol consumption with your healthcare professionals. Smoking should also be avoided/reduced
-Wellness - stress and tiredness can reduce your ability to stick with a healthy lifestyle. Try get ample sleep and take measures to improve your overall wellbeing, such as taking part in yoga or meditation.

Where can I learn more about breast cancer?

As I mentioned previously, your GP should be the first person you discuss any worries or concerns you might have about changes in your breasts. I am working with The Marie Keating Foundation to support its Glam Up Your Bra and Support Your Girls campaign, to help highlight the important role that support plays in helping breast cancer patients on their journey. Services such as those provided by the Marie Keating Foundation are hugely important, and I would recommend anyone who wants to learn more to visit its website for reliable information.

*Dr Janice Walshe is a consultant medical oncologist at St Vincent's University Hospital and the Adelaide and Meath Hospital