Levodopa is the most efficacious medication for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD).¹ The early symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s disease (resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity) are usually correctable by levodopa and dopamine agonists.² However, the oral bioavailability of levodopa is erratic...

Current research has shown that the drug apomorphine is effective for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, however there are advantages and disadvantages to its use. While apomorphine has a rapid onset of action and benefits patients in reducing motor fluctuations and the number of daily ‘off’ periods,...